BHI62CT-75RH
BHI62CT-9
主要產(chǎn)品:日本東方馬達(dá),泰映TROY減速電機(jī),韓國(guó)SPG小功率馬達(dá),
韓國(guó)DKM減速電機(jī),CPG晟邦減速電機(jī) ...
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:蘭工
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減速機(jī)技術(shù)資料:
減速器簡(jiǎn)介
減速器在原動(dòng)機(jī)和工作機(jī)或執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)之間起匹配轉(zhuǎn)速和傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩的作用,在現(xiàn)代機(jī)械中應(yīng)用極為廣泛。減速器按用途可分為通用減速器和減速器兩大類(lèi),兩者的設(shè)計(jì)、制造和使用特點(diǎn)各不相同。20世紀(jì)70-80年代,世界上減速器技術(shù)有了很大的發(fā)展,且與新技術(shù)革命的發(fā)展緊密結(jié)合。
減速器是原動(dòng)機(jī)和工作機(jī)之間的獨(dú)立的閉式傳動(dòng)裝置,用來(lái)降低轉(zhuǎn)速和增大轉(zhuǎn)矩,以滿(mǎn)足工作需要,在某些場(chǎng)合也用來(lái)增速,稱(chēng)為增速器。
選用減速器時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)工作機(jī)的選用條件,技術(shù)參數(shù),動(dòng)力機(jī)的性能,經(jīng)濟(jì)性等因素,比較不同類(lèi)型、品種減速器的外廓尺寸、傳動(dòng)效率、承載能力、質(zhì)量、價(jià)格等,選擇的減速器。
減速器是一種相對(duì)精密的機(jī)械,使用它的目的是降低轉(zhuǎn)速,增加轉(zhuǎn)矩。
減速器特點(diǎn)
減速器主要由傳動(dòng)零件(齒輪或蝸桿)、軸、軸承、箱體及其附件所組成。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)有三大部分:
1、齒輪、軸及軸承組合
小齒輪與軸制成一體,稱(chēng)齒輪軸,這種結(jié)構(gòu)用于齒輪直徑與軸的直徑相關(guān)不大的情況下,如果軸的直徑為d,齒輪齒根圓的直徑為df,則當(dāng)df-d≤6~7mn時(shí),應(yīng)采用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。而當(dāng)df-d>6~7mn時(shí),采用齒輪與軸分開(kāi)為兩個(gè)零件的結(jié)構(gòu),如低速軸與大齒輪。此時(shí)齒輪與軸的周向固定平鍵聯(lián)接,軸上零件利用軸肩、軸套和軸承蓋作軸向固定。兩軸均采用了深溝球軸承。這種組合,用于承受徑向載荷和不大的軸向載荷的情況。當(dāng)軸向載荷較大時(shí),應(yīng)采用角接觸球軸承、圓錐滾子軸承或深溝球軸承與推力軸承的組合結(jié)構(gòu)。軸承是利用齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)濺起的稀油,進(jìn)行潤(rùn)滑。箱座中油池的潤(rùn)滑油,被旋轉(zhuǎn)的齒輪濺起飛濺到箱蓋的內(nèi)壁上,沿內(nèi)壁流到分箱面坡口后,通過(guò)導(dǎo)油槽流入軸承。當(dāng)浸油齒輪圓周速度υ≤2m/s時(shí),應(yīng)采用潤(rùn)滑脂潤(rùn)滑軸承,為避免可能濺起的稀油沖掉潤(rùn)滑脂,可采用擋油環(huán)將其分開(kāi)。為防止?jié)櫥土魇Ш屯饨缁覊m進(jìn)入箱內(nèi),在軸承端蓋和外伸軸之間裝有密封元件。
2、箱體
箱體是減速器的重要組成部件。它是傳動(dòng)零件的基座,應(yīng)具有足夠的強(qiáng)度和剛度。
箱體通常用灰鑄鐵制造,對(duì)于重載或有沖擊載荷的減速器也可以采用鑄鋼箱體。單體生產(chǎn)的減速器,為了簡(jiǎn)化工藝、降低成本,可采用鋼板焊接的箱體。
灰鑄鐵具有很好的鑄造性能和減振性能。為了便于軸系部件的安裝和拆卸,箱體制成沿軸心線水平剖分式。上箱蓋和下箱體用螺栓聯(lián)接成一體。軸承座的聯(lián)接螺栓應(yīng)盡量靠近軸承座孔,而軸承座旁的凸臺(tái),應(yīng)具有足夠的承托面,以便放置聯(lián)接螺栓,并保證旋緊螺栓時(shí)需要的扳手空間。為保證箱體具有足夠的剛度,在軸承孔附近加支撐肋。為保證減速器安置在基礎(chǔ)上的穩(wěn)定性并盡可能減少箱體底座平面的機(jī)械加工面積,箱體底座一般不采用完整的平面。
3、減速器附件
為了保證減速器的正常工作,除了對(duì)齒輪、軸、軸承組合和箱體的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)給予足夠的重視外,還應(yīng)考慮到為減速器潤(rùn)滑油池注油、排油、檢查油面高度、加工及拆裝檢修時(shí)箱蓋與箱座的精確定位、吊裝等輔助零件和部件的合理選擇和設(shè)計(jì)。
1)檢查孔為檢查傳動(dòng)零件的嚙合情況,并向箱內(nèi)注入潤(rùn)滑油,應(yīng)在箱體的適當(dāng)位置設(shè)置檢查孔。檢查孔設(shè)在上箱蓋頂部能直接觀察到齒輪嚙合部位處。平時(shí),檢查孔的蓋板用螺釘固定在箱蓋上。
2)通氣器減速器工作時(shí),箱體內(nèi)溫度升高,氣體膨脹,壓力增大,為使箱內(nèi)熱脹空氣能自由排出,以保持箱內(nèi)外壓力平衡,不致使?jié)櫥脱胤窒涿婊蜉S伸密封件等其他縫隙滲漏,通常在箱體頂部裝設(shè)通氣器。
3)軸承蓋為固定軸系部件的軸向位置并承受軸向載荷,軸承座孔兩端用軸承蓋封閉。軸承蓋有凸緣式和嵌入式兩種。利用六角螺栓固定在箱體上,外伸軸處的軸承蓋是通孔,其中裝有密封裝置。凸緣式軸承蓋的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是拆裝、調(diào)整軸承方便,但和嵌入式軸承蓋相比,零件數(shù)目較多,尺寸較大,外觀不平整。
4)定位銷(xiāo)為保證每次拆裝箱蓋時(shí),仍保持軸承座孔制造加工時(shí)的精度,應(yīng)在精加工軸承孔前,在箱蓋與箱座的聯(lián)接凸緣上配裝定位銷(xiāo)。安置在箱體縱向兩側(cè)聯(lián)接凸緣上,對(duì)稱(chēng)箱體應(yīng)呈對(duì)稱(chēng)布置,以免錯(cuò)裝。
5)油面指示器檢查減速器內(nèi)油池油面的高度,經(jīng)常保持油池內(nèi)有適量的油,一般在箱體便于觀察、油面較穩(wěn)定的部位,裝設(shè)油面指示器。
6)放油螺塞換油時(shí),排放污油和清洗劑,應(yīng)在箱座底部,油池的zui低位置處開(kāi)設(shè)放油孔,平時(shí)用螺塞將放油孔堵住,放油螺塞和箱體接合面間應(yīng)加防漏用的墊圈。
7)啟箱螺釘為加強(qiáng)密封效果,通常在裝配時(shí)于箱體剖分面上涂以水玻璃或密封膠,因而在拆卸時(shí)往往因膠結(jié)緊密難于開(kāi)蓋。為此常在箱蓋聯(lián)接凸緣的適當(dāng)位置,加工出~2個(gè)螺孔,旋入啟箱用的圓柱端或平端的啟箱螺釘。旋動(dòng)啟箱螺釘便可將上箱蓋頂起。小型減速器也可不設(shè)啟箱螺釘,啟蓋時(shí)用起子撬開(kāi)箱蓋,啟箱螺釘?shù)拇笮】赏谕咕壜?lián)接螺栓。
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