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ouword{var newwords;newwords = unescapewords;document.writenewwords;} ouword; 1、靜態(tài)平衡閥
1. 1結(jié)構(gòu)與性能特點
1優(yōu)于線性的流量特性; 2有的開度指示; 3有開度的鎖定功能,非管理人員不能隨便改變開度; 4閥體上有兩個測壓孔,測壓裝置與其連接可測出閥門前后的壓差,并進而計算流量; 5暗升降及內(nèi)外密封結(jié)構(gòu),無外漏,關閉后無內(nèi)漏,可代替關斷閥: 6既可安裝在供水管上,也可安裝在回水管上。
1.2適用條件
平衡閥是靜態(tài)調(diào)節(jié)閥,在人為設定開度之后,即在這種開度下工作,沒有自動調(diào)節(jié)功能,所以,鎖定開度之后的平衡閥是管路上一個阻力不變的元件。根據(jù)流體力學原理,在管路上阻力不改變的情況下,系統(tǒng)總流量變化時各管段及各用戶的流量成比例變化。因此,靜態(tài)平衡閥適用于量調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)。即根據(jù)熱冷負荷的大小,調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)總流量,即可使用戶的流量成比例的增大或減小,也就是各用戶得到相應的調(diào)節(jié)。 2、自力式流量控制閥
自力式流量控制閥是一種動態(tài)平衡閥,它的作用是在閥的進出口壓差變化的情況下,使通過閥的流量保持恒定。這里以zl47f型自力式流量控制閥為例,介紹其工作原理和性能特點?! ? 2. 1工作原理
zl47f型自力式流量控制閥如圖1所示是一個雙閥結(jié)構(gòu),即一個自動平衡閥組和一個手動調(diào)節(jié)閥組。圖中p1為進口壓力,p2為通過自動平衡閥組節(jié)流后的壓力,p3為出口壓力。
對于手動調(diào)節(jié)閥組來說,流量g=kv·p2-p3,kv為手動調(diào)節(jié)閥閥口的流量系數(shù),當手動調(diào)節(jié)閥的開度固定之后,kv為常數(shù),那么只要p2-p3不變,則流量g不變。而p2-p3的恒定是由自動平衡閥組控制的。當進口壓差p1-p3增大,則通過感壓膜和彈簧的作用,使自動平衡閥組關小,從而維持p2-p3恒定。反之亦然。
2. 2結(jié)構(gòu)與性能特點
i雙閥結(jié)構(gòu),流量控制精度高,流量偏差小于5%e 2雙閥在與流動方向垂直的同一直線上,縮短了結(jié)構(gòu)長度。 3用手動調(diào)節(jié)閥的工度顯示裝置,可根據(jù)開度設定流量。 4有開度鎖定裝置,非管理人員不能隨便改變開度。 5既可安裝在供水管上,也可安裝在回水管上。
2. 3適用條件
因為流量控制閥的功能是維持流量恒定,所以適用于質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)。因為是雙閥結(jié)構(gòu),可由手動調(diào)節(jié)閥組調(diào)整設定流量,所以也適用于分階段改變流量的質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)??傊彩切枰愣髁康墓苈泛驮O備均可安裝設流量控制閥。
3、自力式壓差控制閥
自力式壓差控制閥也是一種動態(tài)調(diào)節(jié)閥,它的作用是使施加在控制對象比如一個用戶,一個支路等上的壓差恒定不變。 這里以回水式zy47型自力式壓差控制閥為例,介紹其工作原理和性能特點。
3.1結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理
圖2為安裝在回水管上的zy47型壓差控制閥結(jié)構(gòu)圖安裝在供水管上,和可安裝在回水管上,二者工作原理相同,結(jié)構(gòu)略有不同。由閥體、雙節(jié)流閥座、閥瓣、感壓膜、彈聲及壓差調(diào)整裝置等組成。安裝位置如圖3所示。當p1-p3增大,則感壓膜帶動閥瓣下移關小,使得p2-p3增大,從而維持p1-p2恒定,即施加在被控系統(tǒng)上的壓差不變。反之p1-p3減少則閥瓣上移開上,p2-p3減小,結(jié)果也是p1-p2不變,即可抵抗外擾。
若p1-p3不變,而被控系統(tǒng)阻力情況發(fā)生變化,比如某一支路關斷,在這個瞬間,被控系統(tǒng)的阻力增大,p2減小,p1-p2增大,感壓膜的受力平衡被打破,閥瓣下移關小的結(jié)果是壓差控制閥的阻力增大,從而使p2恢復原值,即p1-p2不變??傊?,被控系統(tǒng)阻力發(fā)生變化時,壓差控制閥可以保障施加在用戶系統(tǒng)上的壓差基本恒定。這個作用使得被控系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的各支路可以自由調(diào)節(jié),而不影響其它支路,即支持內(nèi)調(diào)。
3. 2性能特點
1結(jié)構(gòu)分供水式和回水式兩種,對應安裝于被控系統(tǒng)的供水管和回水管上,兩者不可互換。 2有壓差調(diào)節(jié)裝置,用于被控系統(tǒng)控制壓差的設定。 3無論外網(wǎng)壓差發(fā)生變化還是被控系統(tǒng)阻力發(fā)生變化,均可保持系統(tǒng)的壓差恒定,即可抵抗外擾又支持內(nèi)調(diào)。
3.3適用條件
因為壓差控制閥支持內(nèi)調(diào),即被控系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部各用戶自主調(diào)節(jié)而不影響其它用戶,或者被控系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部各支路可自主調(diào)節(jié)而不影響其它支路,所以這種調(diào)節(jié)閥特別適用于用戶需自主調(diào)節(jié)的系統(tǒng)。比如說分戶計量供暖系統(tǒng),用戶是花錢買熱,所以往往根據(jù)自己的需要開大,關小,甚至關閉,那么裝設壓差控制閥的作用就是在各用戶自主調(diào)節(jié)時,把對其他用戶的影響降到zui低程度,并且能夠消除外網(wǎng)的富裕壓頭。
4、結(jié)論 1平衡閥適用于集中量調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)。在這種系統(tǒng)中對每個用戶,每個支路裝設平衡閥,并按設計工況選定口徑和開度,使整個系統(tǒng)的流量分配符合要求,則系統(tǒng)的熱負荷發(fā)生變化時,調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的總流量,各個用戶、各個支路的流量將成比例變化。平衡閥也適用于質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)和質(zhì)量并調(diào)系統(tǒng)。但平衡閥不能吸收外網(wǎng)的壓力波動,不能有效消除各用戶、各支路間的調(diào)節(jié)干擾。
2流量控制閥的功能是鎖定被控對象的流量,適用于質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)以及分階段改變流量的質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)。流量控制閥可以有效吸收外網(wǎng)的壓力波動,但相對于平衡閥來說,擴大了用戶間或各支路間的調(diào)節(jié)干擾。
3壓差控制閥的功能是鎖定施加于被控系統(tǒng)的控制壓差,適用于量調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)。并可以有效吸收外網(wǎng)的壓力波動,有效吸收各用戶、各支路間的調(diào)節(jié)干擾,因而尤其適用于采用量調(diào)節(jié)的分戶計量供暖系統(tǒng)。
4對于被控系統(tǒng)一個用戶、一個支路或一臺設備,若強調(diào)流量恒定,應選用流量控制閥:若強調(diào)內(nèi)部的自主調(diào)節(jié),應選用壓差控制閥:若系統(tǒng)采用集中量調(diào)節(jié),則應選用平衡閥。 |